Physical and social distancing measures and child health behaviours during COVID-19: A cohort study

BACKGROUND: Various studies have examined the general impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on children's health behaviours. The impact of public health measures practised by children during COVID-19 is relatively unknown. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to determine the association between physical and social distancing measures and children's outdoor time, sleep duration, and screen time during COVID-19. DESIGN/METHODS: A longitudinal study using repeated measures of exposures and outcomes was conducted in healthy children (0 to 10 years) between April 14 and July 15, 2020. Parents were asked to complete questionnaires about isolation, physical distancing practices, and children's health behaviours. The primary exposure was the average number of days that children practised physical and social distancing measures per week. The three outcomes were children's outdoor time, total screen time, and sleep duration during COVID-19. Linear mixed effects models were fitted using repeated measures of primary exposure and outcomes. RESULTS: This study included 554 observations from 265 children. Physical and social distancing measures were associated with shorter outdoor time (-17.2;95% CI-22.07,-12.40;p < 0.001) and longer total screen time (11.3;95% CI 3.88, 18.79;p = 0.003) during COVID-19. The association with outdoor time was stronger in younger children (< 5 years), and the associations with total screen time were stronger in females and in older children (= 5 years). CONCLUSION: Physical and social distancing measures during COVID-19 have resulted in negative impacts on the health behaviours of Canadian children living in a large metropolitan area.

Physical Activity as a Coping Strategy for Mental Health Due to the COVID-19 Virus: A Potential Disconnect Among Canadian Adults?

COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting social disruption has left many to struggle with changes to routines and feelings of uncertainty as the impact of the virus continues to unfold. Evidence suggests an increase in symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress as a result. Given the well-documented association between physical activity and mental health-be it preventing the onset of depressive or anxious symptoms to minimizing the prognosis of certain conditions-we posit more emphasis be placed in health communications on physical activity as a coping strategy for Canadians. As the ramifications of COVID-19 continue, coupled with the concern of a pending second wave, identifying how Canadians are managing stress and mental health can inform the development of interventions aimed at mitigating the negative impact of COVID-19 on adults' overall wellness. Though social interactions and activities might look different right now, Canadians should be actively looking for safe ways to engage in health promoting and socializing behaviors-physical activity is one such behavior. Herein we explore how a representative sample of Canadian adults are coping with increased stress and mental health issues as a result of COVID-19 and identify a potential disconnect between considering physical activity as a strategy to support social connection and stress management and how Canadians are coping with the pandemic. Given the protective role of physical activity in supporting mental health, our perspective is that health communication efforts should focus on the mental health benefits of physical activity particularly during these uncertain times.